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2010年第4期

2016-01-12

来源:中国翻译研究院

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译论研究

韦努蒂“异化”理论话语的修辞分析  陈小慰  5
翻译·模糊法则·信息熵  谭载喜11
中国同声传译研究引证分析  高彬 柴明颎15

译史纵横

选择性顺应与顺应性选择——佛教中国化进程中的译者主体性构建透析  屠国元 朱献珑20
经典化和政治化——一部汉语佛经的诞生  刘敬国  项东24

书刊评介

“权力转向”与自我再现——评《翻译中国》  张旭28

翻译教学

翻译工作坊教学探微  李明  仲伟合32
高校英语专业口译能力评估及其对口译教学的启示  邬姝丽37

典籍翻译

典籍英译中的“东方情调化翻译倾向”研究——以英美翻译家的汉籍英译为例  蒋骁华40

译技探讨

译,还是不译:文学翻译中的反复现象及处理  孙会军  郑庆珠46
西方诗学视野中的节奏与翻译  曹丹红51
“定语+人称代词”结构的翻译审美  何雅媚56
论英文法律文本中古旧词的使用原则——兼评中国法律译本中滥用古旧词的现象  李克兴61
英汉“低碳”新词翻译以及生成机制的认知阐释  邵斌  黎昌抱67
对十二生肖汉英翻译的思考  刘白玉72

译业论坛

本地化行业发展对职业翻译训练及执业认证的要求  王传英  崔启亮76

学术争鸣

《汉英外事实用词典》若干法律术语英译商榷  屈文生80

自学之友

英译汉:Pilgrims at the Land’s End(W. H. Hudson)  刘士聪 卞建华 译86
翻译导读:关于行文的自然与流畅  刘士聪 卞建华88
汉译英:蒲松龄收女徒弟(高维晞)  黄俊雄90
翻译导读:“不可译” 语句翻译技巧  黄俊雄91

词语选译 

中国译协对外传播翻译委员会最新研讨成果选登  93

英文摘要  94

信息广角

敬告投稿者、本刊稿约(66)本刊邮购信息(89)
2010年国际翻译日主题(19)
第八届全国口译大会/国际研讨会暨中译杯2010年全国口译大赛重要通知(71)
首届全国商务翻译研讨会暨第二十二届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛颁奖典礼(75)
2010中国国际语言服务行业大会公报(96)
第四届“两岸四地”翻译与跨文化交流研讨会将在香港浸会大学举行(10)

中文摘要

韦努蒂“异化”理论话语的修辞分析
陈小慰福州大学 / 福建师范大学

摘要:本文在简要回顾“异化”翻译理论发展的基础上,尝试围绕韦努蒂的主要“异化”理论话语,如“存异伦理”、“抵抗性翻译”、“好的翻译是少数化的”、“促进译语文化更新与变化”等,对其进行修辞解读与分析,论证其成功及不足。希望藉此对韦努蒂的异化理论有一些新的认识。
关键词:韦努蒂;异化;话语;修辞分析

翻译·模糊法则·信息熵
谭载喜  香港浸会大学

摘  要:在表达人类复杂情感时,模糊语言能用较少的代价传送较多的信息,能通过最简洁的话语达成读者与作者(或译者)心灵情感的交流,获得立体多维的审美体 验,对于文学作品中的模糊语言及其翻译而言,尤其如此。随着对语言模糊现象研究的深入发展,翻译研究者对语言的模糊特性,以及对如何处理文学作品中模糊语 言的翻译问题越来越发生浓厚的兴趣,并不断产生新的研究成果。本文以即将出版的《文学中的模糊语言与翻译》一书为例,围绕文学作品中的模糊语言及其翻译这 个核心问题,对模糊与文学、模糊与翻译、以及书中所涉若干焦点话题展开讨论,并就相关问题进行理论阐述。
关键词:模糊语言;文学作品;翻译;模糊法则;信息熵

中国同声传译研究引证分析

摘要:我国同声传译研究已经有30年的历史,但是对其发展趋势未曾进行过深入探讨。本文针对这一问题用科学计量的方法进行了分析,发现我国与西方同声传译有着不同的研究模式。相对而言,我国的研究尚未形成自己的核心和体系。本文在对1994年至2009年我国主要翻译和外语期刊上发表的同传论文和引证文献进行量化分析的基础上,参照西方研究成果,根据我国的语言等特点,提出加强我国同传研究的建议。
关键词:同声传译;口译;口译研究;引证分析

选择性顺应与顺应性选择——佛教中国化进程中的译者主体性构建透析 
屠国元 朱献珑  中南大学

摘  要:佛经翻译体现了译者“选择性顺应”和“顺应性选择”。一方面,译者对中土主流思想意识、政治需求、社会接受等有着明确认识,并基于自身的知识结构和文化审美对主流文化做出选择性的顺应,从中体现出译者的文化适应力;另一方面,译者在翻译原则、翻译策略、文字铺陈等层面做出有意识的选择,以此强化自身的文化认知。无论是“顺应”还是“选择”,都包含了译者的有意识参与。正是在“选择性顺应”与“顺应性选择”的过程中,译者完成了主体身份的建构。
关键词:佛经;译者;选择;顺应

经典化和政治化——一部汉语佛经的诞生
刘敬国 复旦大学  项东 对外经贸大学

摘 要:在中国古代佛经翻译史上,伪译的出现是一个大事件,这不仅因为伪译大量存在,而且因为伪译在佛教汉化的过程中扮演了极重要的角色。本文以《仁王经》为 例,援引历史资料,分析该经的伪经性质,从两个角度探讨这部汉语著作之所以为伪译的原因,即:译者的选择和经文中蕴含的政治因素。文章认为,在当代翻译研 究的语境下,伪译已经成为有其自身研究价值的研究领域,而随着对伪译探讨的深入,对古代中国佛经翻译中的伪经进行研究正凸显出特殊的意义。
关键字: 翻译研究;伪译;佛经翻译

翻译工作坊教学探微
李明  仲伟合广东外语外贸大学

摘 要:本文结合笔者从事翻译工作坊教学的经验,从翻译工作坊的定义入手,就翻译工作坊教学的目的、目标、模式、步骤以及翻译工作坊教学对教师和学生的要求和 对培养专业翻译人才的意义进行了探讨。文章指出,该课程真正让翻译实践走进了课堂,有效实施了翻译技能的培训优先于理论知识的传授,并以翻译过程为导向、 以学习者为中心,关注翻译过程中的各个步骤,强调语言知识和专业知识的积累与更新,注重所选翻译材料的真实性,注重译者专业技能、人际交往技能、翻译能 力、译者能力、合作精神、合作能力、责任意识等的培养,为他们日后成功地踏上职业翻译之路奠定基础。
关键词:翻译工作坊教学;翻译过程;翻译能力;译者能力;专业翻译人才

高校英语专业口译能力评估及其对口译教学的启示
邬姝丽  中国矿业大学

摘要: 本文依据Bachman 的交际能力模式,运用问卷调查的方式 从语言能力、知识结构、策略(技能)能力和心理能力这四个方面对英语专业学生的口译能力进行量化评估,旨在找出学生在这几个能力方面的不足,为提高英语专业口译教学提供尝试性建议。
关键词: Bachman ;交际能力模式;高校英语专业学生 ;口译能力; 口译教学

典籍英译中的“东方情调化翻译倾向”研究——以英美翻译家的汉籍英译为例
蒋骁华  澳门理工学院

摘要:汉籍英译中有许多直译程度很高的译品。中国译评家对这些译作的主要评价是“文化陷阱”、“误读”、“死译”、“超额翻译”、“亏损”、“偏离”等。与中国译评家简单的“价值判断”不同,西方译界对这类直译进行了理论探讨。本文认为这种直译反映了译者的“东方情调化翻译倾向”,并通过大量实例分析总结了“东方情调化翻译倾向”的方法与特点,还从多维视角探讨了“东方情调化翻译倾向”背后的原因。
关键词:东方情调化翻译倾向;典籍英译;死喻“活”译;英美翻译家

译,还是不译:文学翻译中的反复现象及处理
孙会军  上海外国语大学  郑庆珠  解放军外国语学院

摘要:无论在英语还是汉语文学作品当中,经常会有一些结构反复呈现。对于“反复”这 一形式因素,译者应如何处理?是再现原文中的反复现象,还是满足于得其意而忘其形?笔者认为,对于原文中的反复现象不应该不加区分地统一处理,而应该根据 其功能进行判断,确定某一反复现象主要是作为衔接手段还是修辞手段使用的,然后再区别对待。对于修辞反复应尽量再现其形式特点,因为这类反复的使用目的是 为了达到前景化的效果,是文学性的重要体现,是文学翻译当中是应该着重传达的东西。
关键词:反复;反复格;前景化;文学翻译

西方诗学视野中的节奏与翻译
曹丹红  南京大学

摘要:节奏的翻译是文学翻译中的一个重要问题,但人们长期以来一直对“节奏”概念存在着诸多误解。本文尝试从西方诗学视角出发,借助西方诗学理论尤其是法国学者梅肖尼克及其弟子德松的诗学“节奏”观,指出“节奏”并不仅仅是文本中的一种具有周期性的形式因素,而是文本内在的组织方式,它统摄着作品的形式和内容,体现了后者的特殊性及价值。对“节奏”的这一新认识能给我们的翻译实践和理论研究带来众多启示。
关键词:节奏;西方诗学;梅肖尼克;德松

定语+人称代词”结构的翻译审美
何雅媚* 厦门理工学院

摘要:“定语+人称代词”结构曾被视为汉语中不规范语法现象而几乎绝迹,却得以复现,并且越来越广泛地出现在现代汉语中,其原因何在?作为最主要的翻译语言——英语中罕有人称代词前加限制性定语的语法表达形式,在翻译中是如何处理的?本文针对这些问题,选取哈代的小说代表作Tess of the D’Urbervilles的六个译本进行比较性研究,探讨“定语+人称代词”结构在翻译中的美学效果,并从再现源语形式美和实现语言艺术优化不同层面分析该结构的翻译审美功能。
关键词:定语+人称代词;美学效果;翻译审美

论英文法律文本中古旧词的使用原则——兼评中国法律译本中滥用古旧词的现象
李克兴  香港理工大学

摘 要:本文通过对近期的《中华人民共和国公司法》译本的分析以及与国外类似法律文本和国内早期法律译本的对比,发现当今中国法律英译已经进入一个崇尚和滥用 古旧词的误区。在英文法律文本中频繁使用古旧词是一种不良文风,与当今法律语言发展的总体趋势背道而驰。为此,笔者在文内首次提出并论证了古旧词使用的四 项专用原则:一、简明作文原则;二、读者理解和认可原则;三、用词经济原则;四、用词可重复原则。在法律英译或写作中,笔者建议以这四项原则为指引,慎用 或尽可能少用古旧词。
关键词:古旧词;师爷文风;国际接轨;简明英文运动

英汉“低碳”新词翻译以及生成机制的认知阐释
邵斌*浙江财经大学  浙江大学 黎昌抱**浙江财经大学

摘要:随着人们对全球气候变化的关注,“低碳经济”已经成为全球关注的焦点。英汉语中随之涌现出一系列有关“低碳”的新词语,其翻译也成了译界的热门话题。本文追踪了近年来出现的“低碳”新词,通过实证探讨其翻译策略,并从认知语言学的角度解读其生成机制。
关键词:低碳;新词语;翻译;认知语言学

对十二生肖汉英翻译的思考
刘白玉  山东工商学院

摘要:十二生肖是中国最具特色的文化元素之一。作为文化软实力的重要组成部分,中国文化元素的翻译应遵循既保留中国文化特色、又不导致与外国文化观念发生冲突的原则,采用创新和谐的思维方式。
关键词:和平崛起;十二生肖;文化元素;误译

本地化行业发展对职业翻译训练及执业认证的要求
王传英  南开大学  崔启亮  中国翻译协会本地化服务委员会

摘要:20世纪80年 代,由跨国公司市场寻求型投资引发的本地化浪潮对翻译产业的发展产生了极其深刻的影响。本地化翻译服务已经成为基于信息技术和网络环境,通过实施高效的项 目管理而获得语言服务增值的朝阳产业。决定本地化翻译服务质量的关键因素是具备出色翻译技能和特定专业知识、熟练使用辅助翻译工具、具有一定项目管理经验 的实用型翻译人才。
本 地化翻译人才的培养应该采取学校教育与职业培训相结合的方式,突出行业协会和专业培训机构的作用。具体地说,高等院校应该依据翻译能力构建模型,对现有翻 译教学体系进行改革和创新,以提高学生的职业素养和基础翻译实践能力;本地化培训机构应该充分发挥自己的行业经验,使培训内容更加符合市场的实际需要;以 行业协会为代表的中立机构应切实行使行业管理和指导职能,完善执业资质认证制度,为本地化行业发展提供人才保障。
关键词:本地化行业;翻译服务;职业培训;执业资格认证

CONTENTS 

The Rhetoric of Venuti Conception of Foreignizing Translation  Chen Xiaowei  5
Translation, Fuzziness of Language, and Information Entropy  Tan Zaixi  11
A Citation Analysis of Simultaneous Interpreting Studies in China  Gao Bin & Chai Mingjiong  15
Canonization and Politicization: The Making of a Chinese Buddhist Scripture  Liu Jingguo & Xiang Dong  24
A Guide for Conducting Translation Workshop  Li Ming & Zhong Weihe  32
rientalization n Western Translators? Rendering of Chinese Classics  Jiang Xiaohua  40
Professional Training & Certification of Competent Translators and the Development of Localized Translation Industry  Wang Chuanying & Cui Qiliang  76
E/C Translation Practice: Pilgrims at the Land End (W. H. Hudson)  Liu Shicong & Bian Jianhua  86
C/E Translation Practice: Pu Songling Accepting a Female Disciple (Gao Weixi)  Harry J. Huang  90
Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue  94

English Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue

The Rhetoric of Venuti Conception of Foreignizing Translation
by Chen Xiaowei (Fuzhou University/ Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China) p. 5

Abstract: This paper offers a rhetorical analysis of Venuti’s conception of "foreignizing translation. "Following a brief review of the notion’s historical development, it subjects the major ideas with which Venuti defines his position on the foreignizing approach, such as "ethics of difference", "resistant translation", "Good translation is minoritizing" and "promoting cultural innovation and change," to a critical reexamination, casting new light on how his theory of translation works.
Key words: Venuti; foreignizing; discourse; rhetorical analysis

Translation, Fuzziness of Language, and Information Entropy
by Tan Zaixi (Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China) p. 11

Abstract:  Fuzzy language is instrumental in conveying the complexity of human feelings and meanings. By expressing more with less, such language makes it possible for the author/translator and the reader to communicate with each other effectively and to generate multi-dimensional aesthetic experiences together with the most succinct form of discourse. This is particularly true of its use in literature, and an increasingly intensive study of how fuzzy language is handled in literary translation in recent years has shed further light on many related issues. Drawing on a forthcoming work by Shao Lu, this paper discusses the properties of fuzzy language, its relations to literature and translation, and the ways it can be rendered from one language into another, especially the extent to which the fuzziness of fuzzy expressions in the target text can be measured against that in the source text in terms of information entropy.
Key words: translation; fuzziness of language; information Entropy

A Citation Analysis of Simultaneous Interpreting Studies in China
by Gao Bin (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China) & Chai Mingjiong (Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China) p. 15

Abstract: A corpus-based analysis of simultaneous interpreting researches in China (1994-2009) renders clear an irregular pattern of progression and some signs of disciplinary immaturity. Comparing this area of Chinese translation studies with its counterpart in the West, the paper directs attention to where we lag behind, calls for attaching greater importance to its development, and offers some specific suggestions for dealing with the existing problems.
Key words: simultaneous interpreting; interpreting; interpreting studies; citation analysis

Canonization and Politicization: The Making of a Chinese Buddhist Scripture
by Liu Jingguo (Fudan University, Shanghai, China) & Xiang Dong (University of Internatinal Buisness and Economics, Beijing, China) p. 24

Abstract: Pseudotranslation features prominently in China’s history of Buddhist scripture translation. Not only are there huge volumes of texts that fall into this category, these texts had also played a unique role in the Sinification of Buddhism. Using a popularly accepted Chinese version of the Benevolent King Sutra (Ren-wang jing仁王经) as a representative text, we first identify it as an apocryphal scripture by citing historical sources, and then explore two deep-lying factors that account for its canonization, i.e., the political implications of the scripture’s doctrines and the choice deliberatively made by the translators commissioned for its translation. In conclusion, the article suggests that since more and more scholarly attention is being drawn to pseudotranslation as a theoretical interest in its own right, the study of apocryphal Chinese Buddhist scriptures ought to be granted a special place in contemporary translation studies.
Key words: translation studies; pseudotranslation; Buddhist scripture translation

A Guide for Conducting Translation Workshop
by Li Ming & Zhong Weihe (Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China) p. 32

Abstract: Drawing on our experiences in teaching "translation workshop, "we discuss in this paper how the course could be designed and taught. Mindful that training professional translators should be the overriding concern for such a workshop, the paper lays down the objective, goal, mode and procedure for its curriculum and spells out the prerequisites for participating teachers and students. To ensure the work’s success, it is imperative that real-life translation practices and authentic materials be introduced into the classroom, priority be given to technical training rather than theoretical knowledge dissemination, and a process-oriented and student-centered approach be adopted. Special efforts should also be made to cultivate the students’ professional and interpersonal communicative skills, enhance their translation competence and "translator competence, "foster their cooperative spirit and ability, and sharpen their sense of responsibility. In so doing, we pave the way for the students’ future career as professional translators. 
Key words: translation workshop; translation process; translation competence; translator competence; professional translator

"Orientalization" in Western Translators' Rendering of Chinese Classics
by Jiang Xiaohua (Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China) p. 40

Abstract: Concerning the literal approach many British and American translators have adopted in their rendering of Chinese classics, critical opinions diverge sharply between the Chinese critics and their Western counterparts. While the former are wont to slap on the translations concerned such negative tags as "cultural traps", "misreading", "awkward translation", "over-translation", "under-translation", "deviation from the original", the latter tend to show a keen interest in deriving theoretical insights from the approach. This paper maintains that the said approach ought to be seen as a manifestation of the Anglo-American translators’ tendency to "orientalize" the Chinese texts. On the basis of a detailed analysis of some telling examples, the author identifies the methodological mode and other salient characteristics of this "orientalizing" approach, and explores its underlying causes as well. 
Key words: orientalization; Chinese classic; dead metaphor; Western translator

Professional Training & Certification of Competent Translators and the Development of Localized Translation Industry
by Wang Chuanying (Nankai University, Tianjin, China) & Cui Qiliang (The Commission for Localization Service, Translators Association of China, Beijing, China) p. 76

Abstract: Market-seeking investments by multinational corporations in the 1980s set off a wave of localization, which in turn exerted a great impact on the development of translation industry. Localized translation services have since evolved into a high value-added sunrise industry. Even though such services are now based on information technology and integrated into the Internet work-space, their quality ultimately hinges on the practitioners’ expertise in translation, including specific knowledge in related areas, competence in computer-aided translation and skills in project management. The localized translation industry should depend on both college education and vocational training programs for the cultivation of competent translators, and the industry association and the localization trainers should play a key role in the shaping and running of these programs. Whereas the educational programs concerned are responsible for developing the students’ professionalism and basic translation skills by reforming and innovating in-house training systems on the translation competence model, vocational trainers should make better use of their industry expertise and provide courses catering to the needs of the market. Neutral organizations (e.g. industry associations) should better perform their duty of governance and supervision by certifying qualified professionals and assuring a steady flow of talents for the localized translation industry. 
Key words: localization industry; translation service; vocational training; certification; professional