2019年第2期

 
   理论研究 /
05  翻译的阴阳诗学——太极推手、浩然之气、纯语言   朱纯深
17  翻译研究中的“推手”——以海德格尔思想为观照角度   江承志
28  多元性别视角下的翻译研究   孙子尧
 
   译史纵横 /
39  媒介视阈中的译介与接受——论“报人”郑振铎的拜伦构建   屠国元
46  佛典汉译的开山之作考证   汪东萍
 
   译介研究 /
54  试论西方经典的跨文化译介策略——以戴望舒译奥维德《爱经》为例   包雨苗  肖馨瑶
61  唐诗在西班牙语世界的经典化路径探析   许一飞
 
   翻译教学 /
68  信息技术辅助下的中西口译教学：演变与展望   陈菁  吴琼
79  复合型翻译查证能力的培养方法案例研究   俞敬松  阙颖
 
   译家研究 /
86  外来启迪与本土创造：傅雷的翻译思想研究   马晓冬
 
   书刊评介 /
96  当代中国译学：不惑之年的思考——评《改革开放以来中国翻译研究概论（1978-2018）》   谭载喜
 
   学术访谈 /
105  对中国文学翻译的思考与践行——美国翻译家、汉学家罗鹏教授访谈录   张倩
 
   学术视点 /
111  理论、实践与教学：中国商务英语翻译研究20年   鲍文  梁芸
 
   行业研究 /
120  全球语言服务业并购重组研究   王传英  崔丽月
 
   翻译评论 /
130  汉语俗语对偶辞格英译的价值建构与国别属性——以汉学家韩南的明清小说翻译为例   刘晓晖   朱源
 
   学术争鸣 /
139  《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》及其《细则》中几个术语的英译商榷     隋桂岚  王彦春
 
   实践探索 /
149  中文社科文献外译的挑战、对策与建议——以《20世纪中国古代文化经典在域外的传播与影响研究》英译为例   姚斌  Ursula Deser Friedman
157  中华文化典籍中话题压制翻译技巧研究——中华文化典籍英译探微之七   钟书能  杨康
165  法律翻译中的文化传递   张法连
 
   自学之友 /
172  El Dorado（Robert Louis Stevenson）   叶子南 译
177  悟到深时句自工   叶子南
180  高兴（节选）（贾平凹）   韩斌 译
183  “生根的骨头”——乡土语言的翻译再现   韩斌  肖维青
 
   词语选译 /
187  《中国关键词》（节选）

   英文摘要 /
   信息广角 /
  翻译及双语传意文学硕士课程
  新中国翻译事业70年论坛暨2019中国翻译协会年会一号公告
  2019年暑期全国高等院校翻译专业师资培训课程
  理论研究
   
摘要：本文首先评述翻译作为“功夫”或者太极推手的本质，让一组中文和非中文的哲学及翻译话语中具代表性的有关语言和写作/阅读/翻译的观念形成对话，互为犄角地构成一个连贯的理论论述，以揭示翻译的阴阳诗学。从这一角度观照，翻译就成了两个语言的言说能量互补互济的转化，来创作一个节奏与源文呼应互映的译文。在这样的能量转化中，译入语要“舍己”地放弃其先入的评判假定来取得最大限度的放松、灵活与警觉，以便对来自源文的能量流做出“稍触即应”的反应，如同追求“不丢不顶”的太极推手。论文认为，如此的翻译，可以砥砺一个译入文化对自身及源文化在场的敏感，并能扩大该文化在创作译文中对源文言说能量“引进落空”的化解和吸收能力。
   
Abstract: Starting with a critical review of the theoretical claim that translation is by nature a kind of kong fu, or rather the “pushing hands” in the Tai Chi sense, this paper presents a dialogic engagement among conceptions of language and writing/reading/translation from both philosophy and translation discourse. What emerges from such an engagement is a yin-yang poetics of translation. From the perspective rendered available by this poetics, translation can be seen as a reciprocal verbal articulation to create a mirroring rhythm in the target text. In the process of such reciprocation, the target language is expected to “give up” its presuppositions in order to achieve a maximum degree of relaxation, agility, and vigilance in its response to an advancing flow of energy from the source text, as what happens in the “neither separating nor confronting” state of engagement in Tai Chi pushing hands. Translation perceived as such, the paper further argues, serves to sharpen the target culture’s sensitivity about its own and the source culture’s presence and to develop its capacity for accommodating, containing, absorbing and deflecting the momentum of the energy from the source in the creation of a target text.
  摘要：鉴于当前的研究很少涉及太极哲学的本体论，本文以海德格尔的语言观为基础，提出“易以明”的翻译观，并重释“符际翻译”概念，展现“养气”、“明”、“倾听”等概念为何以及如何给翻译研究提供新的洞见。最后，本文从方法论角度总结了翻译研究中运用“推手”分析文本的三大步骤。
   
Abstract: Attempts to apply the Tai Chi notion of “pushing-hands” to a reinterpretation of translation have been hampered by inadequate research on the ontological aspect of its philosophical underpinnings. To deal with the deficiency, this article draws on Heidegger’s conception of language and, upholding the principle of “to change (in translating) is to enlighten,” presents an updated Tai Chi-informed account of inter-semiotic translation. Among the questions it addresses are “why and how notions such as qi-cultivation, brightness and listening can provide new insights into translation.” And a three-step methodological model is also proposed for applying “pushing-hands” to text analysis in translation studies. 
   
摘要：近年来，由后结构女性主义引发的“性别麻烦”在女性主义翻译研究中愈演愈烈。对此，中、西方学者展开了不同的理论探讨与尝试，有人建议放弃“女性主义”，而以“性别与翻译”取代之，也有人建议放弃“性别麻烦”，重拾“女性与翻译”的名与实，追根溯源，皆与认识论的矛盾有关。解析两种理论现象背后的文化深意与学术困境，多元性别视角下的翻译研究提供了新的理论可能。
   
Abstract: In recent years, the so-called “Gender Trouble” stirred up by poststructuralist feminism has become an increasingly salient issue in feminist translation studies. Scholars on one side of the issue maintain that the notion of “feminism” should be downplayed in order to facilitate the exploration of how gender and translation are connected. Those on the other side call instead for abandoning the term “gender” and revalorizing “woman” as the touchstone of sexual differences in translation scholarship. A careful analysis of this debate’s cultural implications and its resulting academic double bind reveals an underlying basic epistemological contradiction. A queering approach to addressing such a contradiction holds the promise of opening up new theoretical possibilities for multi-gendered studies of translation.
 
译史纵横  摘要：作为“报人”的郑振铎（1898-1958）在其担任主编的期刊媒介《小说月报》上对英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦（1788-1824）展开了集约化的大规模译介。他秉持“为人生”的文学编辑出版理念，精心选题组稿，注重编辑内容，同时悉心设计栏目，讲究编辑形式，看重拜伦在云诡波谲的近代历史风云之中能够对国民所起到的教化作用，借助《小说月报》这个媒介舞台，把拜伦建构成为一种催人奋进的象征符号，用以提高民众觉悟，为拯救半封建半殖民地的中国注入精神动力。
   
Abstract: Under the editorship of celebrated journalist Zheng Zhenduo (1898-1958), the Shanghai-based Chinese magazine Fiction Monthly caught the public’s attention in 1924 by soliciting and publishing a series of translations of Lord Byron’s poetic works. Zheng, a devotee of the principle of “literature for life’s sake” throughout his journalistic and editorial career, took a special interest in Lord Byron at that time because he had  sensed that rendering Byronic poems accessible to Chinese readers could turn the British poet into an edificatory inspiration for the Chinese public in a turbulent historical period of modern China. Zheng’s motive and his skillful editorial treatment account for the selection the magazine made from the Byronic corpus and the way the selected pieces were translated and presented on the media platform of Fiction Monthy. By turning Byron into an inspiring symbol, the translations were clearly meant to raise the Chinese public’s consciousness and to infuse them with intellectual impetus for saving China from further sinking into the abyss of a semifeudal and semicolonial society.
 
   
摘要：佛典汉译从东汉到宋朝，历时1218年，翻译佛典5396卷，史称千年译经运动。佛典汉译是中国翻译坚实的根基，是我国翻译凝练特色、形成传统、构建翻译学的关键所在。关于最早的佛典汉译作品，即佛典汉译的开山之作是哪一部？由于时间久远，一些学者看法不一，至今尚未有定论。学界有三种观点：第一种认为《浮屠经》是最早的佛典汉译作品，第二种认为《四十二章经》是最早的佛典汉译作品，第三种认为《明度五十校计经》是最早的佛典汉译作品。那么孰是孰非？哪部作品才是佛典汉译的开山之作？本文主张回归历史，正本清源，通过考证确定最早的佛典汉译作品，即佛典汉译的开山之作。
   
Abstract: The endeavor to render Buddhist scripture into Chinese, also known as “the Millennial Project of Scripture Translation,” extended from the East Han dynasty to the Song dynasty for a total of 1,218 years and involved as many as 5396 volumes of Scriptural texts. As such, the Project has laid a solid foundation for, and played a pivotal role in shaping up, China’s unique tradition and characteristic practice of translation. Whereas a scholarly consensus has long been reached on its historical significance, exactly under what circumstances this project was initiated remains clouded. Concerning the crucial question of which scriptural texts were the first to be translated into Chinese, for instance, scholars concerned have come up with three different answers and have been embroiled in inconclusive disputes ever since.  This paper argues that to adjudicate the conflicting opinions in question, it is necessary that we have recourse to the methodological model offered by historians and settle the controversy on the basis of the evidence only careful textual research can provide.
   
摘要：提高对文学跨文化译介过程中影响译本定位、接受及传播效果的制约因素的认识，在当今中国文学外译的战略背景下具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文从历史的角度出发，以戴望舒译介奥维德的《爱经》为例，分析西方经典跨文化译介中各类外部因素对译者和出版商译介策略的制约，特别关注《爱经》初版和再版时译者与出版商的宣传策略及其对该古罗马名著在中国的接受的影响，为推动中国文学走出去提供历史的反向借鉴。
   
Abstract: In China’s current efforts to promote its literature and culture abroad by adopting a “going-out” strategy, all the factors that affect the selection, translation, marketing, and reception of literary works in general ought to be taken into serious consideration. Taking Dai Wangshu’s 1929 translation of Ovid’s Ars Amatoria and his publisher’s marketing strategy as a representative case, this article analyzes the way external factors had imposed all kinds of constraints on this translator and his publisher alike, focusing in particular on how the different marketing strategies employed for the first and the second edition of Dai’s translation made a difference in Chinese readers’ reception of Ovid’s controversial original. Even though the case took place in a markedly different historical context and concerns only translation-enabled introduction of Western classics into China, the lessons drawn from it can still be applied usefully to China’s on-going endeavor to introduce its own literary works to other countries.
 
   
摘要：唐诗是中国传统文学和文化所孕育和建构的不朽经典。19世纪以来，唐诗在西班牙语世界被译介和走向经典化。本文以西译唐诗的翻译出版为例，可试图讨论其在西班牙语国家的经典化历程，探寻汉语经典在西班牙语世界传播的受制因素并提出一些应对措施。
   
Abstract: Poetry of the Tang Dynasty, which counts among the immortal literary classics ever produced by Chinese culture, has been translated into Spanish and introduced to the Spanish-speaking world since the 19th century. As its history of publication and reception throughout el mundo hispanico shows, Spanish versions of Tang poems are in the process of being canonized, as part of the world literature, by the reading publics of Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries, and yet the process of canonization has been hindered by a number of factors. This article subjects the issues concerned to a critical examination, and proposes the taking of some measures to improve the communication of Spanish renditions of Tang poems with their target audience and thus to facilitate their canonization in the Spanish world.
   
摘要：以互联网、人工智能、大数据等为核心的新一代信息技术正在改变翻译的面貌，同时也给翻译教育带来前所未有的机遇和挑战。回顾和展望信息技术在口译教学中所发挥的独特作用对口译教育的发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文通过回顾1967年至2017年的中西相关文献，梳理了信息技术支撑下口译教学的发展历程，通过分析和对比中西方的研究现状，从教学研究和实践两个层面探讨信息技术辅助口译教学发展的特点、问题和前景，以充分发掘信息技术在优化口译教学方面的重要作用，促进信息技术与口译教学的深度融合，推进口译教学信息化进程。
  Abstract: The new generation of Information Technology (IT), represented by the Internet, artificial intelligence and big data, is changing the way we do interpreting, bringing unprecedented opportunities and challenges to interpreter education. To seize the opportunities and to meet the challenges, it is necessary that practitioners concerned gain a perspective on how IT came to play its unique role in interpreter training and how it might further contribute to the informatization of the field. Responding to such a need, we review in this article the relevant literature published from 1967 to 2017 in both China and the West, identifying the characteristics, problems and potentials of an IT-assisted approach to interpreter education so as to provide a useful point of reference for all those involved in the interpreting-related teaching and research, and to push for a deeper integration between information technologies and the training of interpreters as well.
 
   
摘要：越专业、越繁难的翻译工作对译者的查证能力要求越高。查证工作所需要的能力并不单一，囊括对翻译策略的批判性思考、信息资源获取及查证工具的合理运用等多个方面，其涉及的教学问题值得所有翻译教学单位认真思考和解决。本文以“突厥历史”学术翻译教学竞赛的课题背景、教学思路以及实施过程为例，阐述北京大学在综合培养学生多维度、复合型翻译查证能力方面的思考及行动。在本次竞赛中，学生们对学术研究目的指导下的文本特点分析、翻译质量标准的辨析、翻译查证技术的合理运用等方面进行了探索，项目成果符合我们的期望。希望本文的教学探索工作能为我国高阶翻译人才的培养提供参考。
   
Abstract: The more specialized and complicated a source text is, the greater competence in search and verification its translation would demand. Without the skills in critical thinking and the capability to retrieve needed information or otherwise utilize available technological tools, one can hardly hope to render such a text successfully. This is why how to help translators gain a comprehensive competence in search and verification has become a top issue to all the educational programs concerned. As part of its efforts to address this issue, Peking University has recently launched a pedagogically framed competition over the translation of academic articles on Turkic history. By participating in this competition, students have gained much from their experiences in selecting academically appropriate translation standards, analyzing language features of scholarly texts, managing translation quality control, and making use of information search tools, etc. It is hoped that this educational experiment will serve as a useful reference for the training of advanced translators.
   
摘要：本文以傅雷曾阅读过泰特勒《论翻译的原则》一书并大致认同其原则的事实联系为基础，探讨傅雷与泰特勒翻译标准的共鸣与差异，并尝试丰富对傅雷“神似”论来源的认识，进而阐发傅雷翻译思想中的创造性因素。文章首先讨论二者翻译观念中要求译文似创作文字的共同标准及相似表述；然后重点从翻译如绘画的类比来考察泰特勒对傅雷的启发，并分析两人 “翻译是艺术”这一理念的契合；第三部分则通过分析傅雷和泰特勒翻译思想的差异，特别是傅雷对翻译创造新句法的认识，对傅雷“理想的译文仿佛是原作者的中文写作”这一翻译标准进行阐发和解读。最后，结合时代语境讨论傅雷的相关翻译思考如何在建国后的翻译界产生回响。
 
   
摘要：新近由湖北教育出版社出版、许钧教授主编的《改革开放以来中国翻译研究概论（1978-2018）》，是被列为“中国翻译研究院重大研究项目”的成果。本文对该书主要特点和出版意义进行了综合性评论，并在此基础上，就中国翻译研究在当下及今后发展中需要重点关注的问题，包括翻译的本质意义、译学的疆域拓展与跨界研究、译学的研究范式与方法创新等，阐发了笔者的个人思想和主张。
 
   
摘要：美国杜克大学亚洲与中东研究系教授罗鹏（Carlos Rojas）近年来翻译出版了多位中国知名作家的小说，如余华的《兄弟》（与周成荫合译）、阎连科的《受活》以及贾平凹的《带灯》。他的译作曾得到北美知名媒体《纽约客》和《麦克林》的高度赞誉，并有多部译作荣获曼氏亚洲文学奖和布克国际奖等权威奖项长短书单提名。笔者围绕着罗鹏对中国文学外译及中国文学在美国的译介状况、他对翻译文学与文学研究之间关系的观点，以及他个人的翻译经历与体认进行了访谈，希望能让更多国内译界的学者听到来自这位“新锐汉学家”的声音，从而达到启发和促进本领域相关思考和研究的目的。
 
 学术视点
摘要：本文通过文献计量分析与可视化数据统计法和描述法对我国商务英语翻译20年（1998-2017）研究进行统计与梳理、综述与分析和前瞻与思考，获得我国商务英语翻译近20年研究比较清晰概貌，以期为商务英语翻译研究的进一步发展提供参考和借鉴。
 
行业研究
 摘要：全球语言服务业近年来并购重组频繁，促进了行业整合和企业的跨越式成长。本文在梳理全球语言服务业并购重组历程的基础上，对并购重组的动机和特征进行了归纳，指出扩大企业规模、有效进入新市场、获得技术和专业知识等战略性资产是语言服务企业并购重组的主要目的。并购重组是我国语言服务业做大做强的有效途径，但在实际操作中应特别注意规避风险。

翻译评论 
   
摘要：汉语对偶辞格鲜有触及却颇值探讨的问题是翻译的价值建构及其国别属性问题。本研究从价值哲学出发，以汉学家派屈克·韩南明清通俗小说译本中的俗语对偶翻译为研究对象，考察译文如何通过主体客体化与客体主体化价值建构机制实现国别认同与改写，探究译者的价值取舍与译文的国别属性之间的关系，揭示译文建构中译者的价值需要、翻译策略、主体尺度等对于价值建构结果及国别属性样态的影响。
   
Abstract: An often-neglected issue in the cross-linguistic study of the Chinese figure of speech Dui-Ou is how the values and the national identity its use tends to embody are reconstructed or rewritten in the process of its translation. Drawing on contemporary theories of value and taking as an illuminating example Patrick Hanan’s rendition of Dui-ou employed in Chinese folk sayings in his English translations of Ming and Qing popular fiction, this paper explores the mechanisms whereby the target text reconstructs the national identity and cultural values the Chinese figure carries or projects in the original. The study finds that primary among these mechanisms is the subjectification of the object and the objectification of the subject. Other elements, such as the translator’s value needs, the textual strategies adopted and the criteria deployed in the process of translation, also help to determine the extent to which the national identity and the cultural values carried by the figure in the original are either preserved or assimilated in the target text.
 
学术争鸣
  摘要：《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》和《中华人民共和国国际海运条例实施细则》的英译文是我国航运业的对外窗口，其英译质量关系到我国海运事业的发展和海外投资等业务的开展，而术语英译则是保证海事法规译文质量的关键。本文对以上两部海事法规中的几个术语的英译进行讨论，其中有的术语英译不准确，有的术语英译前后不一致，有的术语英译则单复数使用混乱。

实践探索
  摘要：中文社科文献的外译是精彩纷呈的中华学术走向世界的钥匙。本文以《20世纪中国古代文化经典在域外的传播与影响研究》一书的英译为例，展示了在中文社科文献外译中出现的一些典型性问题，并提出相应对策。本文认为，要保证外译文本的质量，增强传播的效果，应尽量采取中外合作的翻译模式，保持与原作者密切沟通的翻译习惯，并且努力在忠实原作与适应读者期待之间实现有效平衡。
 
 
摘要：本文从认知语言学的视角出发，运用“压制”这一概念对比了话题压制现象在现代英语、现代汉语以及古代汉语中的句法特征，并在此基础上探讨了三种涉及中华文化典籍中话题压制的汉译英技巧。我们认为本文的研究成果对认知语言学、翻译研究以及对外汉语教学有积极的启示作用，期望未来有更多的中华文化典籍翻译研究与认知语言学有机结合，推动中华文化更好更快地走出去，提高文化自信。
  摘要：法律语言是法律文化的载体，法律文化是法律语言形成的基础环境。法律翻译跨越语言学、法学和翻译学三大领域，是沟通不同法律体系的重要途径，是语言转换和文化移植的双重过程，直接影响着不同法律文化间的交流效果。因此，在法律翻译过程中，译者必须注重文化考量，充分了解中外不同法律文化的基本内涵和特色，语言文化双管齐下，从而实现等效法律翻译。