2020年第2期

 
理论研究 /
05  数字人文视域下翻译研究：特征、领域与意义  胡开宝  黑黟
16  后现代翻译研究：后殖民、女性、解构  宋美华
 
译史纵横 /
26  海洋强国梦的先声：晚清西方海防著作译介研究  张瑞嵘  龙心刚
35  “译者视野”下翻译立场的确立
——陈季同法译本《聊斋志异》研究  王菁
 
译介研究 /
44  中国特色对外话语体系的译介与传播研究  胡安江
 
翻译教学 /
52  建构口译课堂促进作用及因素分析实证研究  邓小文
61  从联合国语言服务看翻译专业素养构成  汪雅君  傅鹏辉
 
书刊评介 /
71  译学理论批评：以批评的思想性推动译学发展
——《译道与文心——论译品文录》述评  蓝红军
 
学术访谈 /
77  带中国古代说唱文学走进世界文学舞台
——汉学家伊维德访谈录  刘翔  朱源
 
译家谈译 /
84  全面求“信”，尽可能照原作来译  孙致礼
 
学术视点 /
92  宇宙现象中人类“Translation”行为再思考  周红霞  谢予
 
翻译技术 /
99  政治话语双语术语知识库的谱系法构建
——以“一带一路”倡议相关术语体系为例  苗菊  牛军
 
翻译评论 /
107  文化回译下的自译研究
——以《狄仁杰奇案》为例  宇文刚  安秀梅  张添羽
116  文类视角下的武侠小说英译研究  洪捷
 
学术争鸣  /
125  心灵哲学视域下的功能主义翻译理论研究
——从精神之“源”说起  宋以丰
 
实践探索 /
135  《摆脱贫困》核心思想概念词语三维翻译研究  赵会军  曹浏
145  统计类文本专业术语翻译探析  鲍文  耿艺源
154  语言景观俄译失调因子分析  刘丽芬  潘盈汕
163  祈使句末“吧”字的意义功能及英译：
     基于英译《丰乳肥臀》的研究  夏历
 
自学之友 /
170  Davos in Winter（Robert Louis Stevenson）  叶子南译
173  物色之动，心亦摇焉？  叶子南
180  中年（梁实秋）  蔡力坚  译
184  翻译的逻辑性  蔡力坚
 
英文摘要
第三十二届韩素音国际翻译大赛竞赛规则
词语选译  新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关词汇英文表述
信息广角
中国翻译协会第八次会员代表大会暨2020中国翻译协会年会一号公告（190）
2020年暑期全国高等院校翻译专业师资培训通知（191）
   
理论研究  
摘要：数字人文视域下翻译研究滥觞于数字人文研究与实证翻译研究的有机融合，兼具数字人文研究和实证翻译研究的特征,其研究领域包括翻译文本研究、译者研究、翻译史研究和翻译教学研究等。数字人文视域下翻译研究不仅是一种方法论，而且也是一种研究范式。数字人文视域下翻译研究的问世不仅导致翻译研究方法发生重要变革，而且在很大程度上拓展并深化了翻译研究。
关键词：数字人文视域；翻译研究；特征；研究领域；意义
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0005-011
   
Abstract: Integrating the digital humanities and empirical translation studies, translation studies in the digital humanities is an interdisciplinary study whose research areas include translated texts, translators, translation history and translator education in the digital age. Translation studies in the digital humanities is at once a methodology and a paradigm of research that deals with both the internal and the external aspects of translation. The emergence of such a new sub-field has made available innovative approaches to scholars concerned, broadening the scope of their thinking about translation in our time.
Keywords: translation studies in the digital humanities; feature; research area; implication
  摘要：后现代翻译研究的后殖民、女性、解构三个主要派别有互相交叉的地方，也有各自的理念和关注点。国内外翻译研究鲜有将三者放在后现代背景下加以同时考察，尤其是鲜有对三者关系的研究。本文尝试分析后现代翻译研究产生的哲学背景，理清后现代、后结构、解构之间的关系；梳理后殖民、女性、解构翻译研究的发展特点，分析三者之间的区别与联系，以期为更好地理解或利用后现代翻译研究理念提供启示，帮助从宏观上把握翻译研究发展的问题及趋势。
关键词：后现代翻译研究；后殖民；女性；解构
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0016-010
   
Abstract: The postcolonial, gender and deconstructive approaches to the study of translation are distinct from and yet overlapping somewhat with each other. Prominent as they are in the field of translation studies, these approaches have yet to be carefully examined against an overall postmodern backdrop and in terms of their interrelationship. To make up for the deficiency, this paper undertakes to analyze their theoretical underpinnings by way of a clarification of what the concepts of postmodernity/postmodernism, poststructuralism and deconstructionism signify respectively and how these notions relate to one another. The analysis is followed by a discussion on each approach抯 course of development. The need to frame our understanding of the methodological trio within the postmodern culture is stressed, and attention is also called to some tendencies and gaps in translation studies that need to be addressed.
Keywords: postmodern translation studies; approach; postcolonial; gender; deconstruction
 
译史纵横  
摘要：在晚清军事翻译史中，海防著作译介是一个重要领域，它对于近代中国海军建设、军事工业以及海军教育的兴起和发展起到了重要的推动作用。本文通过梳理晚清海防著作译介两个阶段中代表性译著的背景、内容和影响力，旨在廓清晚清海防著作译介的历史脉络与主要成果，肯定其在近代中国海洋强国梦的探索中所做出的开拓性历史贡献，为近代军事翻译的深入研究提供一定的参考。
关键词：军事翻译史；海防著作；译介出版
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0026-09
 
A Prelude to Building China’s Marine Power: The Late Qing Translation of Texts on Coastal Defense
By ZHANG Ruirong (Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China) & LONG Xingang (Naval
University of Engineering, Wuhan, China) p.26
 
Abstract: In the history of military translation in the late Qing Dynasty, the rendition of texts on coastal defense stood out as an especially important undertaking because of its role in promoting the construction of modern Chinese navy, the development of military industry and the growth of naval education. This paper distinguishes between two stages of coastal defense-related translation and sorts out the background, contents and influence of the translated works representative of each phase. By clarifying the historical context as well as the main achievements of this specialized translation, and affirming its originative value in building China抯 marine power, the paper provides some references for studies of military translation in general.
Keywords: history of translation; military translation; coastal defense; translation and publication
 
   
摘要：清末外交家陈季同出版于1889年的《中国故事》（Contes chinois）是现知首部《聊斋志异》的法译节本。在这部译作中，陈氏一改往日倡导的“直译”主张而采取“意译”立场，对涉及中国现实的内容进行了一定程度的改译。法国翻译理论家安托瓦纳·贝尔曼提出“翻译立场”这一概念，指译者对其从事的翻译活动持有某种“概念”或“感觉”，但译者实际持有的立场与其宣称的主张未必一致，因为翻译立场不仅受制于个人策略，更受到一系列决定译者感受和行为的历史文化参数即“译者视野”的支配。本文即从“译者视野”出发，分析《中国故事》“意译”立场的确立及其原因，探讨译者在这一立场下隐藏的文学理念和折射出的历史影响。
关键词：陈季同；《聊斋志异》；贝尔曼；翻译立场；译者视野
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0035-09
   
Abstract: Contes chinois (The Chinese Stories), published in 1889 by Tcheng-Ki-Tong, is the first French translation of Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. In undertaking this translation, Tcheng abandoned his original belief in literal translation and adopted instead the approach of free translation by rewriting the contents of the source text that concerned the reality of the Late Qing China. Tcheng’s practice reminds us of Antoine Berman’s concept of “translating position” which maintains that the translator holds a certain “concept” or “feeling” about his own translational activities. However, a translator’s actual position may not be consistent with what he claims to be holding, since the translating position is shaped up not only by individual strategies but also by a series of historical and cultural parameters that constitute the “translator horizon.” This essay examines, within such a horizon, how the mode of free translation was applied to the rendition of the Chinese Stories, in an attempt to disclose Tcheng’s literary conceptions and to clarify the historical influences behind his translating position as well.
Keywords: Tcheng-Ki-Tong; Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio; Antoine Berman; translating position; translator’s horizon
 
译介研究  
摘要：中国特色对外话语体系的译介与传播，除了存在“四个不足”“四种缺失”“四大困境”等结构性问题，还存在着“五个不到位”等认识论与方法论问题。基于此，充分树立“和而不同”的认识论理念和“话语历史研究法”的方法论意识，充分利用民间话语事件的影响力，充分借鉴“故事性”的国际主流媒体叙事方式，充分强化译介与传播的受众思维、协商化思维和互联网思维，充分排查各种机制壁垒，充分重视高端翻译人才的培养，对于在新时代背景下精准开展中国特色对外话语体系的译介与传播工作和稳步提升其对外译介与传播效能，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
关键词：中国特色对外话语体系；译介；传播
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0044-08
   
Abstract: Much is left to be desired in China’s efforts to represent its discourse system abroad, owing largely to the shortcomings and deficiencies in its translation-based mode of international communication. In search for a remedy of such a situation, this paper proposes a comprehensive solution. It maintains that on the conceptual level, the philosophical ideal of “harmony in diversity” ought to be adopted as the guiding principle for the endeavor, while a “historicist approach to discourse studies” must serve as the methodological paradigm. On the operative level, attention should be paid to the “folk discourse events” that tend to make significant impacts on international communication, and to the mode of “story-telling” popular with mainstream international media as well. The audience’s expectation, as well as the related modes of consultative thinking and Internet thinking, should also be taken into serious consideration. All barriers to an effective communication, caused by outdated or deficient mechanisms, must be identified and removed. In addition, greater importance should be attached to cultivating highly-qualified translation talents, on whom, ultimately, the accomplishment of the task to disseminate Chinese discourse abroad and improve the effectiveness of its international communication would depend.
Keywords: Discourse System with Chinese Characteristics; international communication; translation; disseminating
 
翻译教学 摘要：本研究探讨了建构口译课堂对口译能力的促进作用及影响因素。研究对象为某翻译系本科三年级“英汉交传实务”课程实验班和对照班，采用实验法和问卷调查收集数据并三角验证。实验数据显示，实验班前后测、实验班和对照班后测有显著差异，“建构模式”有效促进了口译能力提高，尤其是语言外能力和职业素养和能力。学生问卷发现，“建构模式”的教学安排和效果、自主训练体系、译前和译后及小组练习四大因素有效促进了口译能力提高。多数学生倾向于“建构模式”。
关键词：建构模式；口译教学；口译能力；促进作用；因素分析
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0052-0
   
Abstract: This paper reports on a study of applying the Social Constructivist Model for Teaching (SCMT) to undergraduate training in consecutive interpreting, analyzing both the facilitative effect this approach has created and the factors relevant to the generation of such an effect. Students of two parallel classes, who were taking their 6th-semester course Headway to Consecutive Interpreting from English into Chinese, made up the subjects of the experiment, with the experimental class adopting the SCMT while the control class keeping to the conventional mode of teaching. By collecting and triangulating data from the experiment, the study finds that the pre- and post-tests of the experimental class, as well as the two classes’ post-tests, differ significantly, and the differences all point to the conclusion that SCMT is more conducive to building the students’ interpreting competence. Also found is that four factors, i.e., teaching arrangement, after-class practice, prior and post-interpreting, and group exercise, tend to affect the results of SCMT’s application. Because of SCMT’s effectiveness in enhancing professional expertise and extra-linguistic competence, 77% of the students involved in the experiment now prefer it to the conventional approach to teaching consecutive interpreting.
Keywords: SCMT; teaching interpreting; interpreting competence; facilitative effect; factor analysis
 
   
摘要：本文系统地介绍联合国语言服务机构职能以及语言服务类职位征聘要求与流程，并通过编制《联合国语言服务专业素养构成调查问卷》，基于因子分析法，提出联合国语言服务专业素养构成要素为：语言能力、翻译能力、文化素养、政治素养、协作能力、技术能力以及学习能力。
关键词：联合国语言服务；语文竞争类考试；因子分析法；翻译专业素养
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0061-010
   
Abstract: The United Nations has a larger language staff than any other organization in the world. As such, what qualifications it demands of its language staffers would offer a useful point of reference for thinking about what professional competence should be required of translators in general. In this paper we first offer a brief account of the various UN language services and their functions, directing attention in particular to the job descriptions these services post for the purpose of recruitment. We then conduct a factor analysis of the data collected from a questionnaire-based survey of the UN language staff. Out of the analysis we derive seven essential abilities required of UN-employed translators and interpreters, namely, the ability or skills as regards language, translation, intercultural communication, political sensitivity, teamwork, technological awareness and continuous learning. In conclusion, we argue that this list, mutatis mutandis, would be just as applicable to other language services and could therefore be of help to all prospective professionals in the industry of translation and interpreting, especially those interested in finding employment with international organizations.
Keywords: UN language services; factor analysis; translator and interpreter; professional competence
 
书刊评介  
摘要：理论批评是推动译学理论研究的重要手段，它包括对翻译理论的批评与从理论角度开展的翻译批评，其首要原则就是保持批评性和思想性。许钧的《译道与文心——论译品文录》是我国译学思想批评的典范性集成之作，该书充分彰显出翻译理论研究的反思性，展示了作者如何密切关注社会现实和理论发展，将翻译理论和翻译批评高度地融合在一起。
关键词：批评；译学理论批评；《译道与文心》
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0071-06
 
学术访谈  
摘要：本文是在哈佛大学东亚与文明系对著名汉学家伊维德的访谈。伊维德是西方中国古代说唱文学研究和译介的集大成者，访谈围绕其对中国古代说唱文学的研究和翻译展开讨论，首先探讨伊维德对中国古代说唱文学的文学价值、文化价值和诗学价值的阐释，以及译者民俗文化观形成的原因，其次评述了说唱文学译本中副文本使用、多版本翻译和说唱叙事的处理方式。访谈还探讨了合作翻译的模式以及汉学研究和翻译之间的互动关系。在对伊维德近期说唱文学翻译出版计划介绍之后，访谈还分析了如何能更好地让中国文学走出去。
关键词：说唱文学；副文本；多版本翻译；合作翻译；汉学研究
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0077-07
 
学术视点  
摘要：“翻译”是普遍存在的宇宙现象与过程。换句话说，没有翻译，世界就不会存在。人类的语言翻译在本质上只是宇宙世界中翻译工作的绝小部分。不幸的是，我们人类总是喜欢用人类的视角来理解语言翻译的全部，并试图为语言翻译行为制定规则或原则。然而， 这种仅限于人类视角下的语言翻译问题讨论，没有关注自然界普遍存在的翻译现象，限制了人们对语言翻译的理解， 也限制了翻译学研究的发展。本文回顾了自然界中普遍存在的蛋白质翻译机制、对称性与手性现象，提醒人们如果忽略了自然界的普遍翻译现象，翻译研究将很难建立一个稳固的理论范式来支撑自己的学科发展，如果把人类语言翻译放置于宇宙翻译的视野之中，翻译研究就会有更广泛的视域和研究内容。
关键词：翻译；范式；蛋白质合成；对称性；手性
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0092-07
 
翻译技术  
摘要：双语术语知识库是知识组织理论应用于翻译研究与社会实践的代表性成果，其背景依托是语言资源建设与知识服务体系建设。政治话语双语术语知识库是中国政治话语体系的载体，谱系法构建术语知识库旨在梳理术语之间的概念关系、主题关系和逻辑关系，形成结构严谨、层次分明、脉络清晰的术语知识系统。本文基于中国政治话语术语的衍生特征和语义逻辑，以“一带一路”倡议相关的术语体系为例，提出谱系法构建政治话语双语术语知识库的方案，属于建库实践的前期理论与方法的研究。
关键词：双语术语知识库；谱系法；政治话语；“一带一路”
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0099-08
 
翻译评论  
摘要：本文结合高罗佩的《狄仁杰奇案》自译兼回译个案，探讨了自译过程中自译主体翻译规律，从叙事视角转换、叙事情节添饰、文化元素回译等角度管窥自译的主体行为轨迹，探求高氏自译本在异语创作→西方传播→作者自译的多层次文化回溯过程中，自译者“译中有创”的翻译行为特征，探讨了兼具自译与回译的自译本中对中国文化的传承和延续，为自译研究提供一定参照。
关键词：文化回译；自译；主体痕迹；《狄仁杰奇案》
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0107-09
   
Abstract: The Chinese Maze Murders, originally written in English and later rendered into Chinese by its author Robert van Gulik, is a product of self-translation and back translation. This paper explores the author/translator’s subjectivity as manifested in the self-translation process, analyzing the translating subject’s behavioral trajectory in terms of perspective shift, plot expansion, and back-translation of cultural elements. In generalizing on the patterns of the author/translator’s translational behavior in the multi-layered cultural backtracking process, the paper looks also into the inheritance and continuation of Chinese culture in the self-translated version.
Keywords: Robert van Gulik; cultural back-translation; self-translation; subjectivity; The Chinese Maze Murders
   
摘要：武侠小说是中国文学的璀璨篇章，武侠小说英译是中西文化交流的重要课题。本文尝试揭示文类对翻译的影响，尝试提出以文类为导向的翻译模式的内涵和操作流程。同时，指出武侠小说文类在西方的空缺，剖析在西方重塑翻译特有的武侠小说文类的必要性和可行性，归纳以文类为导向的武侠小说英译的具体步骤和策略，以此为翻译研究特别是翻译批评提供操作性更强的视角，也为中国特色文学和中华武侠文化的海外传播提供借鉴。
关键词：文类；武侠小说；翻译
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0116-09
   
Abstract: Martial arts fiction is a unique genre of Chinese literature. Although its rendition has become an important topic in intercultural communication studies, less attention has been paid so far to a genre-theoretical approach to the translation than is justified. To fill the gap, this paper introduces a three-phased model of genre-oriented translation of the fictional genre on the basis of an examination of genre’s impact on translation in general. The paper argues that for the model to work, it is both necessary and feasible that the fiction’s generic contours be redrawn to some extent in the translational process. Some other suggestions are also offered as to how a genre-oriented translation of martial arts fiction can best be realized, and in what ways it could facilitate global dissemination of the xia culture and improve accessibility of the quintessentially Chinese literary genres within the framework of world literature.
Keywords: genre; martial arts fiction; translation; Chinese literature; world literature
 
学术争鸣  
摘要：功能主义翻译理论的精神来源不是赖斯（1971），而是西方的心灵哲学，最早可以追溯至亚里士多德的形而上学。亚里士多德继承柏拉图的观点，将个体实体看作“功能个体”，并将“目的”人格化，启发和促成了功能主义心灵哲学研究，后者又以目的论功能主义为代表，影响了翻译的功能主义研究，具体表现在：“合目的性”概念强调主体对行为价值的认知与意愿，有助于解释翻译的功能性，以及翻译功能的差异性；“整体性”概念从心理状态的差异性和独特性出发，主张拓展“功能”的内涵和外延，使其涵盖“社会的、非人的环境因素”，影响了翻译功能的整体观与系统观；心灵哲学将语言活动看作主体的内在活动，并将心理过程看作功能过程，为翻译的“人本性”预留了空间。
关键词：功能主义翻译理论；心灵哲学；合目的性；人本性；心理性
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0125-010
 
实践探索  
摘要：重温习近平总书记重要著作《摆脱贫困》核心思想及其英译文本对国际社会深刻认识我国精准扶贫和乡村振兴战略具有重要的现实意义。我们创新性地将此书的核心思想概念词语划分成三个维度，运用独自整理的此书的汉英双语语料库，提取高频词数据，以验证三维划分的合理性，从而使核心思想概念词语的圈定具有更高的可信度。统揽全局的核心概念词语英文翻译的异化和归化的量化统计数据表明，不同维度翻译具有不同的特点：基于人类共同特性的物质经济维度多选择直译；具有中国政治特色的精神文化和组织行为维度多采用意译/归化策略，尤其是组织行为维度的意译/归化策略更是占有绝对数量；而很多政治文献翻译研究所侧重的异化策略在三个维度中占比都不高，整体平均只是归化的三分之一。研究结果提示译者在翻译时应针对不同维度采取适当的策略，混为一谈则会有失偏颇。本研究数据结果对机器智能翻译政治话语也有一定的借鉴意义。
关键词：摆脱贫困；核心思想；三维；翻译
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0135-010
   
摘要：统计类文本是指经过统计工作得出的，用以反映社会经济现象或科研成果的数据文本资料，其中涉及众多统计术语，它们是统计概念、原理以及内容的重要载体。统计类文本汉译时，术语的误译会导致源语信息传递不当、译文读者理解偏差的后果，降低统计类文本译文的可信度和科学性。本文分析统计类文本专业中术语汉译的误译问题，并在此基础上提出注重统计类文本专业术语的相互关联、术语译名统一表达和术语译名简洁明了的翻译策略，以期减少统计文本中因术语翻译不当而造成的损失，为统计文本术语汉译提供一些新思路，提升统计文本语言服务的质量。
关键词：统计文本；术语；误译；翻译策略
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0145-09
   
提要：基于实地拍摄的图片，从翻译空间和谐理论视角考察三亚市俄语景观的译写生态。结果表明，三亚语言景观俄语译写与原文或与译语大多失调，表现为书写、词法、句法、词汇乃至文化等方面失调。鉴于此，分析译文失调原因及其后果，重构和谐译文，以期为构建和谐俄语翻译提供借鉴，为整饬与规范语言景观俄语译写提供依据。
关键词：语言景观；俄译；失调；和谐翻译；译写生态
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0154-09
   
摘要：现代汉语常用语气词“吧”字的意义空灵多变，是英译的难点。本文基于自建的小说《丰乳肥臀》汉英平行语料库，分析小说文本祈使句末“吧”字的意义及功能，总结葛浩文译本相关翻译策略及原则，以管窥成功译文如何传达原文细微的语气。研究发现，祈使句末的“吧”字在语用功能上主要起“调节祈使语气”的作用，一般表“命令、劝请、催促、建议”等意义，且其中语气的强弱，似乎是一个连续统，可随交际语境的不同而不同，“吧”字因而有多种对应的英译形式。在翻译的过程中，译者需要根据“吧”字所在的对话语境来确定其语用意义及功能，翻译的过程显然不是两种语言之间形式和语义上的简单对等，而是两者在语用功能上的对等。
关键词：祈使句；语气词；吧；意义；功能；语用对等
中图分类号：H059文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-873X (2020) 02-0163-07